Ghi chú Arnold Sommerfeld

  1. ↑ The Mathematics Genealogy Project (Arnold Sommerfeld) cites Ferdinand von Lindemann as being Sommerfeld’s Ph.D. dissertation advisor. Cassidy (Cassidy, 1992, pp. 100 – 101) cites Paul Volkmann as Sommerfeld’s advisor and cites a reference. Other authors provide information which can be used to decide between the two, in view of Sommerfeld’s abilities. The English translation of Sommerfeld’s Habilitationsschrift (Arnold Sommerfeld, translated by Raymond J. Nagem, Mario Zampolli, and Guido Sandri Mathematical Theory of Diffraction, Birkhäuser Boston, 2003, pp. 1 -2) reveals that Sommerfeld’s Ph.D. thesis cited 14 of his teachers at the University of Königsberg and thanked all of them, but particularly named Lindemann in the line of gratitude. Jungnickel (Jungnickel, 1990b, pp. 144 – 148 and 157 – 160) is revealing on a number of issues relating to Volkmann. He did little research himself, did not attract physicist, had few publications to his name, and as a physics teacher was a "popularizer".While Sommerfeld attended classes in Volkmann’s Theoretical Physics Institute at Königsberg, he looked to Volkmann’s assistant Emil Wiechert, rather than Volkmann himself. At the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century, there were only four ordinarius professorships for theoretical physics: Königsberg (Volkmann), Göttingen (Woldemar Voigt), Berlin (Max Planck), and Munich, which had been vacant since Ludwig Boltzmann left in 1894, and would not be filled until Sommerfeld was appointed there in 1906. Comments made on the status of theoretical physics in 1899, Voigt only mentioned Planck, Wilhelm Wien, Paul Drude, and Sommerfeld. In a letter to Sommerfeld in 1898, Wien’s assessment was similar to Voigt’s; Wien only mentioned the chairs at Berlin and Göttingen. Keeping in mind that Munich was unfilled, not mentioning the Volkmann’s chair at Königsberg to Sommerfeld was a glaring omission with implications.
  2. 1 2 3 Mehra, Volume 1, Part 1, 1982, p. 106.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sommerfeld Biography – MacTutor History of Mathematics
  4. ↑ Arnold Sommerfeld – Mathematics Genealogy Project. Sommerfeld’s Ph.D. thesis title: Die willkürlichen Functionen in der mathematischen Physik.
  5. 1 2 3 Arnold Sommerfeld Biography – American Philosophical Society
  6. ↑ Arnold Sommerfeld, translated by Raymond J. Nagem, Mario Zampolli, and Guido Sandri Mathematical Theory of Diffraction (Birkhäuser Boston, 2003) ISBN 0-8176-3604-8
  7. 1 2 3 4 Sommerfeld-Project – Leibniz-Rechenzentrum der Wissenschaften
  8. 1 2 3 4 Arnold Sommerfeld, translated from the fourth German edition by Martin O. Stern Mechanics - Lectures on Theoretical Physics Volume I (Academic Press, 1964), pp. v – x. (Foreword by Paul Peter Ewald and Preface by Sommerfeld.)
  9. ↑ Jungnickel, 1990b, pp. 274, 277-278, and 281-285.
  10. ↑ Jungnickel, 1990b, pp. 157 – 160, 254 ff., 304 ff., and 384 ff.
  11. ↑ Cassidy, 1992, p. 104.
  12. ↑ Sommerfeld’s students can be categorized by type, i.e., the course of study under Sommerfeld. (Please see the main text for pertinent footnotes on some students, especially the postdoctoral students.)
  13. ↑ Arnold Sommerfeld’s Students - The Mathematics Genealogy Project and Arnold Sommerfeld – Kommunikation und Schulenbildung.
  14. ↑ Peierls spent 1926-1928 in doctoral studies under Sommerfeld. He then went on to finish his Ph.D. under Wolfgang Pauli, at the University of Leipzig; it was granted in 1929. See: American Philosophical Society Author Catalog: Peierls.
  15. ↑ Eugene Feenberg did doctoral studies with Sommerfeld and completed his Ph.D. in 1933 under Edwin C. Kemble at Harvard University.
  16. ↑ After one year at Munich studying with Sommerfeld, Karl Meissner returned to Tübingen to be able to study spectroscopy with Friedrich Paschen, under whom he received his doctorate in 1915. See: K. W. Meissner reviews: Arnold Sommerfeld, translated from the first German edition by Otto Laporte and Peter A. Moldauer Optics - Lectures on Theoretical Physics Volume IV. American Journal of Physics 23 (7) 477-478 (1955). The author states that he attended Sommerfeld’s lectures, and specifically on optics, in 1912.
  17. ↑ In 1912-1913, Brillouin did graduate work with Sommerfeld. He went on to earn his Doctor d'Etat ès Sciences in 1920, at the Đại học Paris, under Paul Langevin. See: American Philosophical Society Author Catalog: Brillouin.
  18. ↑ Through a National Research Council fellowship in 1925-1926 and a Guggenheim Foundation fellowship in 1926-1927, Pauling accomplished postgraduate work with Sommerfeld, Erwin Schrödinger in Zurich, and Niels Bohr in Copenhagen. See: Noble Prize Biography: Pauling. See also: Arnold Sommerfeld Some Reminiscences of My Teaching Career, American Journal of Physics 17 315-316 (1949). In the article, Sommerfeld specifically mentions as his (postdoctoral) students the Americans Linus Pauling, Edward U. Condon, and I. I. Rabi.
  19. ↑ After earning his Ph.D. in 1927, Rabi, aided by fellowships, went to Europe for two years to do postgraduate work under Sommerfeld, Niels Bohr, Wolfgang Pauli, Otto Stern, and Werner Heisenberg. See: NBWNR – Nobel Foundation: Rabi. See also: Arnold Sommerfeld Some Reminiscences of My Teaching Career, American Journal of Physics 17 315-316 (1949). In the article, Sommerfeld specifically mentions as his (postdoctoral) students the Americans Linus Pauling, Edward U. Condon, and I. I. Rabi. See also: I. I. Rabi, translated and edited by R. Fraser Code Stories from the early days of quantum mechanics, Physics Today (8) 36-41 (2006). In the article, Rabi comments on his experience as a postdoctoral student of Sommerfeld.
  20. ↑ Walker, 1995, p. 73. Von Laue completed his Habilitation in 1906.
  21. ↑ During the 1930-1931 academic year, Allis spent the first half with Sommerfeld and the last half at the University of Cambridge. He was traveling with Philip M. Morse. See: Philip M. Morse In at the Beginnings: A Physicists Life (MIT Press, second printing 1978) p. 100.
  22. ↑ After earning his Ph.D., Condon, in 1926 and 1927, on a National Research Council fellowship, funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, did postgraduate work with Sommerfeld in Munich and Max Born in Göttingen. See: American Institute of Physics: Edward Condon and American Philosophical Society -MOLE: Condon. See also: Arnold Sommerfeld Some Reminiscences of My Teaching Career, American Journal of Physics 17 315-316 (1949). In the article, Sommerfeld specifically mentions as his (postdoctoral) students the Americans Linus Pauling, Edward U. Condon, and I. I. Rabi.
  23. ↑ In 1927 and 1928, Eckart had a Guggenheim Fellowship, which he used to go to Germany to do postgraduate study with Arnold Sommerfeld at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich and Werner Heisenberg at the University of Leipzig. Eckart Biography – The National Academies Press and Author Catalog: Eckart – American Philosophical Society. See also Arnold Sommerfeld Some Reminiscences of My Teaching Career, American Journal of Physics 17 (5) 315-316 (1949).
  24. ↑ Edwin C. Kemble went to Munich and Göttingen in 1927-1928 to study and do research with Sommerfeld and Max Born, respectively.
  25. ↑ In 1927 and 1928, Houston had a Guggenheim Fellowship, which he used to go to Germany to do postgraduate study with Sommerfeld at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich and Werner Heisenberg at the University of Leipzig. Houston Biography – The National Academies Press. See also Arnold Sommerfeld Some Reminiscences of My Teaching Career, American Journal of Physics 17 (5) 315-316 (1949).
  26. ↑ From 1920-1923, Herzfeld did postgraduate work with Sommerfeld and Kazimierz Fajans at the University of Munich. See: Biographic Memoir: Herzfeld - National Academy of Sciences, Herzfeld - American Philosophical Society Author Catalog, and Biographic Memoirs: Herzfeld - National Academic Press.
  27. ↑ Paul Kirkpatrick Address of Recommendation by Professor Paul Kirkpatrick, Chairman of the Committee on Awards, American Journal of Physics 17 (5) 312-314 (1949). In this article, the following students of Arnold Sommerfeld are mentioned: William V. Houston, Karl Bechert, Otto Scherzer, Otto Laporte, Linus Pauling, Carl Eckart, Gregor Wentzel, Peter Debye, and Philip M. Morse.
  28. ↑ Philip M. Morse In at the Beginnings: A Physicists Life (MIT Press, second printing 1978) p. 100.
  29. ↑ I. I. Rabi, translated and edited by R. Fraser Code Stories from the early days of quantum mechanics, Physics Today (8) 36-41 (2006) p. 38.
  30. ↑ Rubinowicz was at Munich from 1916 to 1918.
  31. 1 2 Jungnickel, 1990b, p. 284, quoting from references given in Footnote 100 on the page.
  32. ↑ Jungnickel, 1990b, p. 283.
  33. ↑ Mehra, 1982, Volume 1, Part 1, p. 330.
  34. ↑ Beyerchen, 1977, p. 9, citing the following reference: Max Born Sommerfeld als Begründer einer Schule, Die Naturwissenschaften 16 1036 (1928).
  35. ↑ Paul Kirkpatrick Address of Recommendation by Professor Paul Kirkpatrick, Chairman of the Committee on Awards, American Journal of Physics 17 (5) 312-314 (1949)
  36. ↑ Arnold Sommerfeld Some Reminiscences of My Teaching Career, American Journal of Physics 17 (5) 315-316 (1949)
  37. ↑ - Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics
  38. ↑ - Nobel population 1901-1950: anatomy of a scientific elite: Arnold Sommerfeld must be the unluckiest man in physics. Best known for modifying Niels Bohr's atomic model to include elliptical (rather than circular) electron orbits, he also has the dubious honour of being the most-nominated physicist in the period 1901 - 1950 never to win a Nobel prize. He received a total of 81 nominations between 1917 and 1950 but was never once successful. He also came to an untimely death in 1951 after being run down by a car.


Wikimedia Commons có thêm hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Arnold Sommerfeld.
Dữ liệu nhân vật
TÊNSommerfeld, Arnold
TÊN KHÁC
TÓM TẮTPhysicist
NGÀY SINH5 tháng 12 năm 1868
NƠI SINHKönigsberg, East Prussia
NGÀY MẤT26 tháng 4 năm 1951
NƠI MẤTMünchen, Đức

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